St. Louis Communities :: essays research papers

"Where do you live?" If you have ever met anyone in St. Louis, this is probably one of the first questions asked. Whether you are from the city, county, north, south, east or west, most people in St. Louis are convinced that they can identify you by what community you come from. The actual city of St. Louis is broken into three main parts; the North Side, South City and the Central West End. The three areas combined have approximately eighty established neighborhoods. If you decide to add the western part of St. Louis County, this number is most likely to double. Many areas of the city were originally established by separate ethnic groups while most others were developed by social groups. You don't have to be a genius to realize the area known as "Dutchtown" was established by German immigrants. However, it may not be so easy to identify areas such as "Dogtown" or "The Hill" as the Irish and Italian areas of town. The Central West End is historically a very liberal yet sophisticated part of the city. This area can be further subdivided into a middle class and a very wealthy area depending on which side of Kingshighway you live on. University City was started mainly by Washington University students and is still predominantly populated by area college kids. This portion of the city has also grown a subdivision known as "The Loop." The Loop is extremely liberal and thought of by most people as almost mysterious or bizarre. A new phenomenon happening in our city is the rebirth of many of our older and rundown areas. One of the best examples of this is the "Soulard" area of town, which now has an established nightlife as well as exquisite historical antique homes. Lafayette Square has also enjoyed the same type of success as Soulard. It is still in the middle of a high crime area, but is populated by upper-class people with beautiful homes with elaborate wrought iron fences and intricate security systems. This trend of fixing up old flats is spreading out from the areas of Soulard and Lafayette Square to neighboring communities at a rapid pace. The Compton Heights area is coming back with rebuilt old Victorian styled houses and private gated streets that contrast the French styled flats of Soulard. The Shaw and Tower Grove area are also following the lead of revitalization similar to these charming old neighborhoods.

Factors affecting intellectual development

Factors affecting intellectual development There are two factors that greatly affect intelligence: 1. heredity 2. environment -Whichever has a bigger influence remains a debate until now because some studies proved that heredity has a bigger influence on intelligence while some studies showed the opposite. The important point is that the interplay of both heredity and environment is essential for maximum development of the intellectual abilities of the individual. Other factors affecting Intelligence: 1. CultureDifferent cultures foster different patterns of ability. For instance, students from Sri Lanka showed higher score in verbal ability than the Americans. -This can be explained by the fact that in Sri Lanka, the philosophers and the poets were admired rather than the scientists or engineers. 2. Sex It is not true that males are more intelligent than females. However, studies show that boys excel girls in spatial ability, in problem solving, and numerical ability whereas girls e xcel boys in memory, reasoning, and fluency.The difference is not due to solve problems since they will be the heads of the families. Girls have been trained to do light work since they will be the homemakers, anyway. 3. Health Studies have shown that high IQ goes with healthy condition of the body. -In school; healthy children have better chances of learning, they can concentrate better in their studies and they are often active and enthusiastic about classroom activities. 4. Race No one race is endowed with better intelligence than others.Differences in achievement of races are due to better opportunities and facilities found in developed countries. 5. Socio-economic status Studies have shown that children from higher socio-economic scored higher in intelligence tests. -Again, greater opportunities and money account for this. The rich can send their children to better schools and can provide stimulating environment to their children. However, there are geniuses and idiots among th em as there are among the poor. By xhacura

Career Management And Professional Development Education Essay

Upon taking my university class I literally had no thought as to what I wanted to make. I knew I wanted to work in the Finance industry but that was about it. By taking Accountancy and Financial Management it meant that I could get down to larn all the accomplishments required for work in the Finance industry while non specializing myself so much that I would be limited by occupation chances at Graduation. While my chief fortes may still lie in either fiscal or direction accounting, Appendix 1[ 1 ]shows the many other possible paths that I could take. Many of the companies that fall under these classs will be based in London particularly those affecting investing markets, nevertheless there are plentifulness of possibilities to work non merely across the U.K but besides the remainder of the universe. Equally good as looking at Graduate occupations, one other measure frontward is to go a hired comptroller. Again from looking at Appendix 1 within the UK there are seven cardinal hired bureaus. However fall ining one of these will hold to happen after I have started my calling in order to cognize which one to fall in. For illustration if I wanted a calling in revenue enhancement I would take the CIOT over CIMA. After sourcing the occupations that my making leads me to make, it ‘s now a simple instance of combating the 300,000 other alumnuss each twelvemonth for precisely the same occupation. One manner to give me a contending opportunity at the occupation is by acquiring noticed and as a consequence I will necessitate to convey a whole scope of accomplishments and competences to the tabular array to demo why I should acquire the occupation. Like most people I am able to offer accomplishments such as Communication & A ; Literacy be it written, ocular or unwritten, an application of numeracy due to the fact that I am an comptroller and as a consequence have to utilize Numberss on a twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours footing, and an application of IT skills due to the fact that in this changing universe the demand to be able to utilize a computing machine is going more and more evident. The accomplishments that I need to pull people ‘s attending to are the 1s that ca n't be rather so good taught and have to be developed through experience in the workplace. These include Self Management such as the ability to demur duty for what I do, to be able to self motivate myself on my undertakings guaranting that they are completed by the needed deadline, and to be ready to accept unfavorable judgment and feedback on the work that I have done so as to better it to its best possible potency. Furthermore I need to be able to speak about teamwork, non merely â€Å" we did a undertaking one time at university in a group † but to be able to demo existent squad participant accomplishments. At a basic degree these would include a regard for fellow co-workers, to accept their determinations but besides offer a degree of negation and persuading, every bit good as doing certain that I contribute to treatments and meetings, but so at a more advanced degree to be able to work out what portion people play in a squad and maximize their accomplishments and traits for illustration devising certain that the thoughts individual negotiations with the encourager and compromiser so as develop the best result from an thought. In add-on to these, I besides need to hold concern and client consciousness of the industry I am in. When traveling to a occupation interview this will include background research into the company, but it will besides necessitate an apprehension of the cardinal constructs that make a concern win including hazard and wages every bit good as invention. This consciousness so has to be compiled with good communicating accomplishments so as to describe back to the terminal users be in internal directors or the external client. The consequences of my in category Myers Briggs appraisal[ 2 ]had me as an Introverted, Sensing, Thinking and Judging single. This suggests that I am a difficult working single with a clear sence of what is right and incorrect. I would be given to hold with this peculiarly as I do non cover excessively good with â€Å" Grey countries † of a state of affairs. The trial besides shows me to be a dedicated person who I believe I am and is something that I have to offer to graduate employers. Although the truth of these trials is something to be argued it does propose that an ideal occupation for me would be something based in finance. The consequence of the trial besides shows that some work in developing the extrovert side of me every bit good as measuring jobs on the footing of thoughts instead than merely facts will assist me to go a more rounded person. Before traveling onto happening the right occupation for me, I besides needed to look at what motivates me, in other words what do I necessitate my ideal occupation to offer in order to acquire me out of bed in the forenoon. The consequences of my Career Drivers Profile study[ 3 ]shows me to be motivated most by the demand of occupation security which with issues shortly to be faced such as acquiring a mortgage I would be inclined to hold with. My other drivers included position and stuff wagess. While I would hold with these to some extent I would state it is more a instance of desiring to be recognised for making a good occupation and besides holding the fiscal wages for inputting my difficult work.So What Is The Right Job For Me?Upon finishing my arrangement, one thing that is a certainty is that I do n't desire to go an history, despite this nevertheless a calling in finance in peculiar respects to the money markets is one that I feel suited to. My grounds for this are drawn from a personal involvement in Stocks & A ; Shares every bit good as executing good in the related faculties at university. After traveling to legion alumnus carnivals I have started using for Investment Banking and Asset Management occupations, due to the nature of the occupation nevertheless, most of these are based in London. As a consequence should I be successful in an application it would intend re-locating down to London and get downing an wholly new portion of my life, one which I would be excited to make, but besides a small apprehensive at the same clip. In footings of what I can offer my perspective employer, I am traveling to hold to travel beyond what everyone else can offer due to the fact I am taking about a sidestep in my pick of calling versus those who have graduated with a banking and finance grade. Hopefully my passion and thrust for the investing country of finance should come across and holding personal experience in the purchasing and merchandising of portions and bonds through a agent should at least give me some caputs up on the competition. If I should acquire a face to confront interview at any establishment nevertheless it will be of import for me to see which competences are being assessed during my interview and do certain I have a â€Å" bank † of illustrations that I can pull from and accommodate in order to reply on inquiries affecting teamwork, personal challenges and personal victory to call but a few. It will besides be of import to make some research into the company and attempt and bead that into my replies in order to demo that I have taken the clip to larn about the company.Got to Get Myself Connected!Arguably one of the most of import regulations in concern is that it ‘s non what you know but who you know. Unfortunately upon graduation I am traveling to be one of the many who knows a batch about my specific topics but with small practical experience and really few contacts within the industry. As a consequence something has to be done now in order to seek and derive as large an advantage as possible. In my first twelvemonth I signed up as a pupil member of CIMA, during the past few old ages at that place have been many chances to travel to societal events and web with people yet I have non bothered traveling to them. This twelvemonth may be a good thought to travel and web and at least acquire myself on the radio detection and ranging. The 2nd thing I have done is to put up a LinkedIn history. While many people argue they are of small usage I believe they may be a uti le tool for maintaining path of the legion people I will run into in the hereafter and it besides shows position employers the few people in the industry that I presently know. Fortunately as a consequence of my placement twelvemonth I now have contacts crossing from Cornwall right up to Glasgow. Dependent upon if and what professional organic structure I decide to fall in, they may besides be a great beginning of contacts. Equally good as the pupil chances listed above, by being an existent member of the professional organic structures I will be able to web with those presently practising in the industry instead than merely guest talkers and these people in bend may be able to set me in touch with other contacts to foster aid help my calling. Further to this, I believe that the University may be able to assist with my networking through the Alumni service. This will assist me maintain in contact with both my class mates from this twelvemonth, my friends who did n't travel on work arrangement who have now graduated, every bit good as many other utile contacts who are presently working in, or holding the same issues as me seeking to interrupt into the investing profession. One other set of contacts that may turn out to be really utile is the enlisting bureaus, peculiarly those who specialise in Finance such as Hayes or Sewell Moorhouse who last twelvemonth managed to acquire 100 % of all university arrangement pupils who came to them into employment. Equally good as assisting me to acquire a occupation if my alumnus applications are unsuccessful they will be able to supply arrows on my CV and covering letters, but more significantly they will be a contact for life. For illustration if 10 old ages down the line I want a wholly different alteration of calling so these people will be here to rede where to travel.Making the Jump – Career Management PlanMany of my marks here will be based around my action programs as a consequence of my work placement study.[ 4 ]However my calling way as a consequence of the placement twelvemonth leads me off from the thought of going an comptroller. My first mark was to go on developing my fiscal accomplishments. At the clip of my study this would hold been my accounting accomplishments nevertheless upon contemplation and make up one's minding that I no longer desire to be an accountant these accomplishments must be transferred over to other fiscal countries such as the investing country of finance I am interested it. Fortunately my university class gives me the flexibleness to make this as the concluding twelvemonth incorporates both accounting faculties but besides faculties covered by the Banking and Finance pupils which are straight related to the calling way that I now want. Despite the addition in work burden and the sheer trouble of some of the capable affair, I am still hopeful that I will be able to walk off with a 2:1 grade at graduation. My secondary mark was to go on the development of both my personal and professional accomplishments. Unfortunately due to no longer being on arrangement I am non in a place to be developing these accomplishments through a work based environment. However due to the sum of alumnus applications that I am finishing I believe that they at least give me the chance to develop my communicating accomplishments through the completion of online applications, covering letters and telephone interviews. Hopefully I will be able to pattern face to confront communicating accomplishments via interviews if I am lucky plenty to be shortlisted for any of these applications. My concluding mark was to develop a calling program for after university. It was apparent at the clip that Accounting may non hold been the ideal occupation for me hence the alumnus application made to HMRC, unluckily that application was rejected after the on-line numerical and verbal trials. Since so nevertheless I have applied for legion other vacancies all focused around the investing banking country of finance with large companies such as Fidelity but so besides looking at investing reding services such as Oliver Wyman. It was my idea that while I am now certain which country of finance I want to work in, I should n't be binding myself down with one specialized occupation country. The other idea I had in assisting to develop my calling was to transport on at university in the signifier of station alumnus survey. However I shortly ruled this option out due to the cost but besides that I believe now is the clip to acquire into industry and to get down determining my calling. Further to this by non transporting on in graduate student survey I still have the option to finish all of my professional makings through whichever company I work for and so subsequently on down the line if I think that I would wish to travel back into instruction, the graduate student option is ever available for me.

Market segmentation

Market segmentation Market segmentation is the procedure of engaging products, prices, places and promotions. The process involves identifying and targeting different markets as the basis for identifying with particular marketing mixes. Proper market segmentation has to engage people, practices and different corporal substantiations.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Market segmentation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The procedure for market segmentation involves identifying the potential customers and their needs, possible market segments and later development of profiles for identified market segments. After the identification, the second stage involves selection of a target segment before engaging an attraction towards the particular market segment. It is equally important for a marketer to engage proper positioning by identifying the advantages of the chosen market segments. This may involve selection of a positioning concept befor e engaging the marketing plan for each identified segment. Market segmentation involves division of large markets into consumer-focused subsets for the clients who have common needs or applications for services or goods on offer. Clientele subgroups are identifiable through various demographics in connection with the purpose of the market segment identification or goal of the marketer. Customers’ segmentation determines deigns and implementation procedures of the marketing campaigns. In relation to McDonald and Dunbar (2007, p. 213) writing, marketers engage in the market segmentation in the aim of understanding the importance of finding a sufficient customer-base to cater for the needs. Categorizing various customers on a given criteria helps firms to establish a better application for the products or services. The gathered ideas of a criterion can thus be of help in identification of a larger audience within the demographics, and thus increase the profit margins due to ampl ification of market shares in the submarkets. There are various characteristics of a targeted consumer base. The attributes are identifiable for a given market segment such as gender, age, location, income level or education level. The market segmentation process allows for a phenomenon where a consumer may fall upon various categories. Segmentation of the market allows the company to understand the ways of enhancing customer loyalty especially among potential long-term clients. The marketers allow the customers to make suggestions concerning the practical means of improving product or service. The changes may be minor with little or no effect to the value of the core product, but they are vital in maintaining a strong and loyal customer base. The changes also ensure that the company is of goodwill because of the readiness to listen to its clients’ needs. Market segregation is generally for strengthening the bond between the vendors and the consumers.Advertising Looki ng for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The concept of market segmentation is important because the buyers and sellers form non-homogenous groups for the reason that there are differences on needs, preferences, characters and resources. Considering the Dell Inc case study, the marketing and distribution department realizes that it not possible to cater for each of its customer’s characteristics. Marketers are however able to accomplish some standardized measures of segmentation by grouping customers to various categories of common characteristics. The common characteristics are the basis for standardized marketing merges into segments. The decisive factors for market segmentation involve either the consumer or the business marketers. The segmentation requirements for Dell Inc would entail the geographical segmentation. As an international and well-known company, Dell Inc would involve the regional variables in its segmentation such as the concentration of the customers, the measures of international industrial growth rates and, other microeconomic factors such as business expansion plans. A good example of the geographical segmentation is decision to concentrate on sale of specific products to particular countries. Secondly, the company can segment markets according to the type of customers. Some of the clients are possibly big international organizations, companies, governments, or private firms. The organization’s dimensions, position in a market niche and the capacity of its value chains are the main determinants of concentration. Thirdly, there is need for Dell Inc to consider the behavioural segmentation based on the consumer performances and behaviours such as the customization, usage, patterns, prices, benefits, competition, consumer and brand loyalty. The demographic segmentation touches on the age, ethnic setting, gender, income levels, status, or oc cupation, which can equally be of assistance. Lastly, the company ought to consider the psychographic segmentation to determine clients’ bases depending on the attitudes, lifestyles and values. Integrating the marketing communication strategies Communication is a key strategy of an organization’s success. A company may be having the best and most innovative services or products, but without strong internal and external communication, then the demand may be weak. Communication of products requires the marketers to focus on the value. The quality is of much benefit to the client than quantity. Enhancement of dialogue requires invitation of client’s thoughts to enhance a rapport in promotion of coordinated efforts. Client participation ensures timely delivery of proper information or right contents.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Market segmentation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to D oole and Lowe (2008, p. 232), the proper marketing communications tools, which promote companies products and services to its customers and the intermediaries include, the ability to ensure proper direction, precision, uniformity, appearance and timings for the targeted audiences. Marketers have to guarantee the values of proper communication to avoid confusion about branding and products recognition. The marketing mix enables them to examine prices of products, the distribution procedures, adverting, promotion mechanisms and customer service certification. â€Å"By integrating marketing communications strategies, it is important for the marketers to define as well as conduct some research concerning the targeted audience, objectives, budgets, competition, social effects, and cultural or other technological issues† (Doole and Lowe, 2008, p. 232) . The final process of the strategy involves evaluation of the decided promotion strategies. Marketers can automatically acquire the customer trust and loyalty by enhancing ethical plans, right communication procedures and following the right communication guidelines such as the marketing communication tools. Marketing communications tools Advertising This tool requires the right medium to get the accurate messages efficiently to the right audience. The effective avenues of transmission depend on the market segments, the chosen niche, and the dynamics. Considering the Dell Inc company that faces the challenges of international segmentation and maintaining the well-established customers’ loyalty, the advertising tools can be the product magazines, newspapers/ newsmagazines, internet, billboards and, mobile television such as the telephony advancements. The advertisement tools have to reach a wide clientele base regardless of the expenses. Public Relations This is a marketing communications tool involving the public perception of the products or services on offer. For a marketer to be in a position of enhan cing excellent public appearance for an organization there is need to engage sponsorship vents in the aim of building good customer trust and goodwill. The product or service has to give a positive perspective. Sales Promotion Mostly, the sales promotion is a marketing strategy that involves the media, for instance, advertising contests, sales of coupons through the media, provision of prototypes/sample products, sales of premiums, displays, demonstrations and engaging incentives. Promotion of sales accelerates the short-term sales by enhancing brand awareness campaigns, and creating or encouraging a repetitive buying procedure.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Direct marketing Direct involvement is a strong marketing strategic tool that involves responses to specific individual emails, telephone calls, inquiry catalogues or mails of customers. The marketers have to respond directly to inquiries made through the media such as television or radio. The responses cater for targeted audience to increase sales and introduce new products as a different option for marketing approaches. Personal Selling This marketing tool involves direct interaction where the marketing team must set sales appointments to selected clientele. It involves making direct presentations such as one-on-one communication to attract a strong clientele base and strengthen their relationships or loyalty to the firm. Before selection of a particular marketing tool, the marketing managers and representatives must analyze the â€Å"social, competitive, legal, regulatory, ethics, cultural and technological† effects to avoid inappropriateness, controversies and illegal enc ounters (Shimp, 2008, p. 8). Analysis of Dell’s decision to enter into relationship with distributing retailers Since its initiation, the marketing strategy of Dell Inc involved a direct client-server interaction. Its engagement of a retailers’ involvement such as, Wal-Mart is a significant change of marketing strategy. Some well established retailer stores like the Wal-Mart are internationally preferences to most customers and therefore an advantage to Dell in its global retailing strategy. The shift from strict direct selling to incorporate indirect selling by external retailers is definitely a simpler choice for the marketing team, but equally a difficult cultural move in its marketing strategies. The move is currently still on its underway and it may be difficult to determine. Is it a strategic move to avoid disastrous snarl-ups considering the competition or are the challenges bonds to increase? Losing its leadership mantle to the rival group Hewlett Packard (HP), Dell may be making the move due to pressure. On the other hand, the establishment in the market may be an indication that the need to emphasize on direct sales is not necessary the attraction to its products among most clients. Selling through the well-established retailer stores is an excellent move for the Dell Company because of the benefits of exposure especially in different market niches. The company also considers the safety of its products by starting mainly with the low-end products. The progressive changeover on the marketing strategies enhances performance and ensures provisions of extended commitment in cases of needs. It is usually safe to change from one strategy to another slowly while keenly monitoring the effects as opposed to the direct changeover. Involving the retailers is a great strategy of testing how well the company would work with the retailer stores especially on the up-coming products. How well would the company be able to handle the sales of its product s by third parties especially stores that the company can barely be in a position to control? The experience is worthwhile for Dell Inc future marketing decisions. The move will automatically affect Dells procedures of engaging customers such as the advertisement strategies and, the supply chain management. The move ensures that Dell Inc is able to develop a record of accomplishment from involvement with the retailers. The record of performance such as, the rate at which the products sell would enable the marketers to decide on the possibility of engaging the more vibrant retailers. The records provide Dell’s ability to retail from various sublets in the diverse retail channels. According to Cranfield School of Management (2000, p.5), the ability to form relationship with retailers is also a greater chance for other interested parties to channel their interests and form new links since this assists the retailers on their establishments. The well-established retail markets hav e the advantage of moving their products very fast and this can turn to be a huge benefit to the Dell Company. The question many marketers would arguably pose is, how well can computer products sell like the other products in the stores? Selling a computer is similar to selling any other product, but the clients want to know how to deal with the product such as the procedure for setting it up. How many retailers have the workmanship to withstand the long hours of user explanations and education? The arguments may fall upon the earnings of the marketer. The pay scale of Wal-Mart sellers may be quite different from that of Dell, thus Dell’s move to engage outside retailers may seem like a huge bargain over sales. Conclusion The main marketing strategy is the need to enhance proper customer relationship. Dell Inc has all along emphasized on the need to focus attention on the clients’ needs and demands. Companies need to find various methods of getting closer to the client for success thus the reason why dell is focusing on diversification into the retail markets. The Dell Company detached the partnership functions to emphasize on the need for it responsibility of customer relationship. From the case analysis, it is evident that Dell categorizes its business transactions in various customer segments for instance the recent retail stores relationship, which involves the public and private sectors. It also includes the direct customer relationship and lastly the home or public medium or small business sectors. Such a company need to approach various segments carefully and differently in the aim of customizing to fit specific needs. Arguably, the most viable communication tools for Dell’s marketing strategy would include the internet and call centres considering the diversification of the products and market competitiveness. References Cranfield School of Management (2000). Marketing Management: a Relationship  Marketing Perspective, Macmillan Business, Basingstoke Doole, I., Lowe, R. (2008). International marketing strategy: analysis, development  and implementation. Kentucky, KY: Cengage Learning EMEA McDonald, M., Dunbar, I. (2007). Market segmentation: how to do it, how to profit  from it. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Shimp, T. A. (2008). Advertising Promotion and Other Aspects of Integrated Marketing  Communications. Kentucky, KY: Cengage Learning

About the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

About the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a military alliance of countries from Europe and North America promising collective defense. Currently numbering 29 nations, NATO was formed initially to counter the communist East and has searched for a new identity in the post-Cold War world. Background In the aftermath of the Second World War, with ideologically opposed Soviet armies occupying much of Eastern Europe and fears still high over German aggression, the nations of Western Europe searched for a new form of military alliance to protect themselves. In March 1948 the Brussels Pact was signed between France, Britain, Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg, creating a defence alliance called the Western European Union, but there was a feeling that any effective alliance would have to include the US and Canada. In the US there was widespread concern about both the spread of Communism in Europe – strong Communist parties had formed in France and Italy - and potential aggression from Soviet armies, leading the US to seek talks about an Atlantic alliance with the west of Europe. The perceived need for a new defensive unit to rival the Eastern bloc was exacerbated by the Berlin Blockade of 1949, leading to an agreement that same year with many nations from Europe. Some nations opposed membership and still do, e.g. Sweden, Ireland. Creation, Structure, and Collective Security NATO was created by the North Atlantic Treaty, also called the Washington Treaty, which was signed on April 5th 1949. There were twelve signatories, including the United States, Canada and Britain (full list below). The head of NATOs military operations is the Supreme Allied Commander Europe, a position always held by an American so their troops don’t come under foreign command, answering to the North Atlantic Council of ambassadors from member nations, which is led by the Secretary General of NATO, who is always European. The centrepiece of the NATO treaty is Article 5, promising collective security: an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all; and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defense recognized by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. The German Question The NATO treaty also allowed for the alliance’s expansion among European nations, and one of the earliest debates among NATO members was the German question: should West Germany (the East was under rival Soviet control) be re-armed and allowed to join NATO. There was opposition, invoking the recent German aggression which caused World War Two, but in May 1955 Germany was allowed to join, a move which caused upset in Russia and led to the formation of the rival Warsaw Pact alliance of Eastern communist nations. NATO and the Cold War NATO had, in many ways, been formed to secure West Europe against the threat of Soviet Russia, and the Cold War of 1945 to 1991 saw an often tense military standoff between NATO on one side and the Warsaw Pact nations on the other. However, there was never a direct military engagement, thanks in part to the threat of nuclear war; as part of NATO agreements nuclear weapons were stationed in Europe. There were tensions within NATO itself, and in 1966 France withdrew from the military command established in 1949. Nevertheless, there was never a Russian incursion into the western democracies, in large part due to the NATO alliance. Europe was very familiar with an aggressor taking one country after another thanks for the late 1930s and did not let it happen again. NATO After the Cold War The end of the Cold War in 1991 led to three major developments: the expansion of NATO to include new nations from the former Eastern bloc (full list below), the re-imagining of NATO as a ‘co-operative security’ alliance able to deal with European conflicts not involving member nations and the first use of NATO forces in combat. This first occurred during the Wars of the Former Yugoslavia, when NATO used air-strikes first against Bosnian-Serb positions in 1995, and again in 1999 against Serbia, plus the creation of a 60,000 peace keeping force in the region. NATO also created the Partnership for Peace initiative in 1994, aimed at engaging and building trust with ex-Warsaw Pact nations in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and later the nations from the Former Yugoslavia. Other 30 countries have so far joined, and ten have become full members of NATO. NATO and the War on Terror: The conflict in the former Yugoslavia had not involved a NATO member state, and the famous clause 5 was first – and unanimously - invoked in 2001 after terrorist attacks on the United States, leading to NATO forces running peace-keeping operations in Afghanistan. NATO has also created the Allied Rapid Reaction Force (ARRF) for faster responses. However, NATO has come under pressure in recent years from people arguing it should be scaled down, or left to Europe, despite the increase in Russian aggression in the same period. NATO might still be searching for a role, but it played a huge role in maintaining the status quo in the Cold War, and has potential in a world where Cold War aftershocks keep happening.   Member States 1949 Founder Members: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France (withdrew from military structure 1966), Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States1952: Greece (withdrew from military command 1974 – 80), Turkey1955: West Germany (With East Germany as reunified Germany from 1990)1982: Spain1999: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland2004: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia2009: Albania, Croatia2017: Montenegro

African Americans Played a Key Role in Vietnam War Essay -- African Amer

I. African Americans involves in the army a. Irregular percentage of African Americans drafted in the military b. The role of blacks in the Army c. The Vietnam War as a genocide II. Discrimination Issues a. Armed Forces dominated by whites b. Personal racism c. Racist practices against blacks d. African Americans in combat III. Black Women in the Armed Forces a. Segregation in working areas b. Black women and their assignments IV. The Black Power a. Response to racism b. The new black culture c. Black’s own terminology V. Consequences of Black response a. Banned Manifestations b. Widespread of racial violence c. Transferring people to other areas Hidden Heroism Racial discrimination in the United States is not a new issue. African Americans have been discriminated against since 1619, when the first Africans were brought to Jamestown and served as slaves. After being killed, segregated and treated inequitably in 1965, the government gave equal opportunities to African Americans for the first time. Yet, the opportunity given was once again to serve the country. Their duty was to defend the nation during the Vietnam War. African Americans played a key roe in Vietnam and, in the process, changed the complexion of the U.S. Armed Forces. The fulfilled an extraordinary record of military service, regardless of the fact that they served under unequal conditions and were segregated with second-rate equipment (Young 333). The Vietnam War had the highest percentage of blacks ever to serve in an American war (Jason). In the early years of U.S. invole. Johnson, Jesse J. Black Women in the Air Forces: 1942-1974 A Pictorial Histo ry. Jonhsonn: Hampton VA, 1974. Kirby, Jason R. Rev. of Equlity or disrimination?: African Americans in the U.S. Military During the Vietnam Ward, ed. Natalie Kimbrough. The Journal of Military History. Sept. 2007. 26 Nov. 2007 http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/libweb/curriculum. Westheider,James E. The African American Experience in Vietnam: Brothers in Arms. Rowman and Littlefield: United Kingdom, 2008. Westheider, James E. Rev of The Brothers’ Vietnam War: Black Power, Manhood and the Military Experience, ed. Herman Graham. The Journal of Southern History. Nov. 2004. 26 Nov. 2007. http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/libweb/curriculum/do/document. Young, Marilyn B. Buzzanco Robert. Eds. A Companion to The Vietnam War. Blackwell: Malden MA, 2002

What are the key strategic decisions for keeping staff motivated and Dissertation

What are the key strategic decisions for keeping staff motivated and to increase the productivity - Dissertation Example The objective of this research is to recognize key strategic decisions of the company to motivate its employees and the importance of motivation in improving the productivity of the organization. Employees are the key assets of the organization. Motivated employees help to improve the overall productivity of the organization. In order to study the same, the researcher intends to recognize the basic motivational factors in the company. After scrutinizing the motivational factors in the particular study, the investigator comes to the conclusion that motivation is a factor which vary from person to person .It is argued that staff turnover, volunteerism, proactive behavior plays an important role in motivation of employees. Staff turnover is the main factor influencing the productivity of the organization and lower output. The employees need to be proactive at the workplace to show better performance. The motivation at work cannot be preserved constantly for a long time. This means that a person’s present motivational feature may change tomorrow. It is clear that modification in the personal or social condition will influence an employee’s motivation level. The ultimate analysis of this study does not specify any universal pattern which is capable to influence any motivation level of the employees. This study also does not elucidate any pattern of gender difference.... teness†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦26 3.6 Ethical Issues in Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.28 3.7 Limitations for Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦29 3.8 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦30 Chapter 4: Findings and Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.31 4.1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.31 4.2 Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦31 4.3 Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦60 4.4 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..61 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.62 5.1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..62 5.2 Theoretical Implications†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...63 5.3 Managerial Implications†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...64 5.4 Limitations of the study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦65 5.5 Future Directions of the Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦66 5.6 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...67